Michigan Test for Teacher Certification (MTTC) Secondary Integrated Science Practice test

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What is a possible issue with a small sample size in an experiment?

It is easier to manage and analyze
It yields the most accurate information
It may lead to unreliable conclusions
It is sufficient for all types of studies

The correct answer is: It may lead to unreliable conclusions

A small sample size in an experiment may lead to unreliable conclusions because it increases the likelihood of variability that does not accurately reflect the broader population. When the sample size is limited, individual outliers or anomalies can disproportionately influence the results, potentially skewing the data and leading researchers to draw flawed or misleading interpretations. A larger sample size generally provides a more reliable estimate of the true effects being investigated by mitigating the impact of random variation. In various scientific fields, robust conclusions often hinge on the representativeness of the sample, which is less likely with a small number of subjects.